Scientific Calculator

A basic calculator focuses on +, −, ×, ÷ and maybe a percent key. A Scientific Calculator adds functions that show up in science and engineering work: trigonometry (sin/cos/tan and inverse trig), logarithms (log base-10 and ln base-e), exponents, roots, absolute value, and factorial. This page also includes an Angle Mode (Degrees/Radians) plus a Precision selector for controlled rounding in the displayed result. If you’re solving symbolic steps or rearranging equations, the Algebra Calculator can complement this tool.

Trig functions expect angles, but angles can be measured two common ways. In Degrees, a full circle is 360°, and common angles like 30° or 90° feel intuitive. In Radians, a full circle is 2π, which matches many calculus and physics formulas. This calculator converts automatically: if you choose Degrees, it converts degrees to radians internally before applying sin/cos/tan. Inverse trig (asin/acos/atan) returns the angle in your selected mode, so your answers stay consistent.

In this Scientific Calculator, percent is a postfix operator: x% means x ÷ 100. That makes expressions like 50% * 200 work naturally: 50% becomes 0.5, then 0.5×200 = 100. If you want “percent change” style calculations, you can still express them with normal operators, for example (new-old)/old*100. For more specialized finance or rate workflows, you might also use a dedicated calculator from your site’s broader collection.

Some scientific functions have “domains” where they’re defined for real numbers. Square root needs x ≥ 0 to stay real. Natural log and base-10 log require x > 0 because logs of zero or negative values are not real. Rather than returning a broken value, this calculator shows a friendly note and explains which rule was violated. If your goal is to transform an equation to avoid invalid inputs, consider using the Algebra Calculator alongside this page.

Most scientific expressions are displayed as approximations because they involve constants (π, e) or functions that rarely simplify to a short fraction. The result card includes an “Approx” indicator and applies your selected Precision for rounding. Some expressions can be exact in theory (like sin(30°)=0.5), but the display still follows the chosen decimal format for consistency. If you need more digits, increase Precision. If you need readability, enable the thousands separator or scientific notation toggles in Advanced Settings.

Factorial grows extremely fast: 10! is already 3,628,800 and values explode beyond that. To keep results stable and meaningful in a browser setting, this calculator allows factorial only for non-negative integers from 0 through 170. Above that range, common floating-point representations overflow. If your expression includes factorial, make sure the input is an integer. For combinations like “n choose k,” you can still write them as n!/(k!*(n-k)!) as long as n stays within the safe range.

Tangent is defined as sin(x)/cos(x). Whenever cos(x) is very close to zero, tan(x) becomes extremely large and sensitive to tiny rounding differences. In Degrees, this happens near odd multiples of 90° (like 90°, 270°). In Radians, it happens near (π/2 + kπ). This calculator checks for that “near zero cosine” situation with a tolerance and will warn you instead of returning a misleading number. If you’re verifying angle-based workflows, also double-check you didn’t accidentally switch Degree/Radian mode.

No. This page is designed to be privacy-first: the Scientific Calculator runs locally in your browser, and the expression you type stays on your device. Copy buttons create plain-text summaries for your clipboard, but they don’t transmit anything externally. If you want to keep your own records, use “Copy Full Summary” to capture expression, settings, result, and highlights of how it was computed. For a quick shareable description, “Copy Page Summary” creates a compact note tailored to this scientific calculator page.